We incorporated EFT into a Web-based EMI involving 20 parent-child dyads interested in changing their eating behaviors and losing weight.
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Previous research has also supported the use of Web-based dietary intervention. Furthermore, research shows that interventions incorporating technology can elicit behavioral changes and be effective for changing a variety of health behaviors. In contrast to controlled laboratory settings, EMI provides treatments to people in their natural settings during their everyday lives, which enhances validity. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model, our Web-based system was designed to be responsive and mobile to increase ease of use, a component necessary for a technology to be accepted.ĮMI has become more widely accepted as the use of technology has become ubiquitous in the lives of adults and children. Our Web-based system, the Mobile Audio Manager and Response Tracker (MAMRT), was developed to provide daily training for adults and children during real-world eating episodes in an ecological momentary intervention (EMI). Electronic media offer opportunities to extend current approaches. However, little is known about EFT’s training effects on eating behaviors outside the context of the laboratory.Ī feasible method for delivering EFT was needed to provide daily training in the everyday lives of adults and children. Studies show that engaging in EFT reduces the bias toward immediate gratification during decision making and reduces energy intake in tempting food situations in adults and children. During eating episodes, EFT can reduce the impulsive desire to engage in excess energy intake and reframe time perspective to focus more on healthy weight benefits. EFT is thought to reduce impulsive decision making by increasing the value of delayed outcomes and guiding individuals toward choices with long-term benefits. EFT, a type of prospective thinking, is mental self-projection into the future to pre-experience events. Skills for reducing the bias toward immediate gratification in adults and children are emerging, and one such skill is episodic future thinking (EFT).
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Furthermore, a bias toward immediate gratification predicts diminished success with weight loss in family-based obesity treatment. Moreover, this bias may be compounded for children, who have more difficulty resisting immediate gratification than adults, and may be even worse for obese children, who find it more difficult to delay gratification for food rewards. This choice may reflect the bias toward immediate gratification that has been cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with obesity. Although it is well publicized that obesity results from energy intake in excess of energy expenditure, many individuals choose the immediate gratification of overindulging in unhealthy and high-energy-dense foods over the more rational decision of consuming healthier foods for the long-term goal of healthy weight.
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The development of obesity is contributed in part by a series of choices that influence positive energy balance.